Description
Bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae and Platypodinae) were reared from 13 species of tropical trees representing 11 families from all major lineages of dicotyledonous plants. Standardised samples of beetle-infested twigs, branches, trunks, and roots were taken from three individuals of each tree species growing in a lowland tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea.
Data Records
The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 1,999 records.
This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.
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How to cite
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Butterill P, Redmond C (2023). Bark and ambrosia beetles reared from 13 species of tropical tree in Papua New Guinea. Version 1.1. New Guinea Binatang Research Centre. Occurrence dataset. https://ipt.sprep.org/resource?r=bark_and_ambrosia_beetles_scolytinae_and_platypodinae_were_reared_from_13_species_of_tropical_trees_in_papua_new_guinea&v=1.1
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The publisher and rights holder of this work is New Guinea Binatang Research Centre. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF Registration
This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 0152303a-5242-4caf-9132-4c1ccd3e72f0. New Guinea Binatang Research Centre publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by Participant Node Managers Committee.
Keywords
Occurrence; Observation
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Geographic Coverage
The study was conducted in a mosaic of primary and secondary lowland humid rainforest near Ohu Village, Madang province, Papua New Guinea, at an elevation average of 150– 200 m a.s.l. and an annual rainfall of 3558 mm with low seasonal variation. The diverse vegetation is classified as mixed evergreen hill forest.
| Bounding Coordinates | South West [-5.25, 145.668], North East [-5.239, 145.685] |
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Taxonomic Coverage
This dataset comprises Bark and ambrosia beetles (members of Scolytinae and Platypodinae)
| Order | Coleoptera |
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| Family | Curculionidae (Weevil) |
| Subfamily | Scolytinae (Bark Beetle), Platypodinae |
Project Data
Abstract . 1. Bark and ambrosia beetles are crucial for woody biomass decomposition in tropical forests worldwide. Despite that, quantitative data on their host specificity are scarce. 2. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae and Platypodinae) were reared from 13 species of tropical trees representing 11 families from all major lineages of dicotyledonous plants. Standardised samples of beetle-infested twigs, branches, trunks, and roots were taken from three individuals of each tree species growing in a lowland tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea. 3. A total of 81 742 beetles from 74 species were reared, 67 of them identified. Local species richness of bark and ambrosia beetles was estimated at 80 – 92 species. 4. Ambrosia beetles were broad generalists as 95% of species did not show any preference for a particular host species or clade. Similarity of ambrosia beetle communities from different tree species was not correlated with phylogenetic distances between tree species. Similarity of ambrosia beetle communities from individual conspecific trees was not higher than that from heterospecific trees and different parts of the trees hosted similar ambrosia beetle communities, as only a few species preferred particular tree parts. 5. In contrast, phloeophagous bark beetles showed strict specificity to host plant genus or family. However, this guild was poor in species (12 species) and restricted to only three plant families (Moraceae, Myristicaceae, Sapindaceae). 6. Local diversity of both bark and ambrosia beetles is not driven by the local diversity of trees in tropical forests, since ambrosia beetles display no host specificity and bark beetles are species poor and restricted to a few plant families.
| Title | Host specificity of ambrosia and bark beetles (Col., Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in a New Guinea rainforest. |
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| Identifier | BID-PA2020-007-INS |
| Funding | The study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation DEB 02-11591 and PEET DEB-0328920, the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia (57/2004/P-B), the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GACR 206/03/H034), and the Czech Ministry of Education (MSM 6007665801). |
| Study Area Description | The study was conducted in a mosaic of primary and secondary lowland humid rainforest near Ohu Village, Madang province, Papua New Guinea (146°40' E, 5°15' S; 150– 200 m a.s.l., average annual rainfall 3558 mm with low seasonal variation). The diverse vegetation [152 woody species of diameter at breast height (DBH) >5 cm ha – 1 , Novotny et al. , 2004] is classified as mixed evergreen hill forest ( Paijmans, 1976 ). |
| Design Description | The study was completed during 2002 – 2005 with different individuals of each tree species investigated at different times of the year, in order to diminish any influence of seasonal climate changes. Thirteen tree species were selected for the study so that they were locally abundant, represented all major lineages of dicotyledonous plants and included also some closely related (congeneric and confamilial) species. Three individuals were sampled from each of 11 tree species, and two individuals from the remaining two species. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic nomenclature of the studied host species are from Soltis et al. (2000) . All species were characterised by wood density and water content. Trees with DBH ∼ 20 cm were used for the study. Each tree was girdled, killed by fire, and left standing dead to allow for the beetle colonisation to start. The girdling consisted of peeling an approximately 30 cm wide circumferential strip of bark and wounding an adjacent 30 cm wide strip with multiple cuts. Fire and girdling increase the attractiveness of a tree to ambrosia beetles (J. Hulcr, unpublished data). After 20 days, the already dead tree was felled and the following standard-size samples were taken and placed separately into rearing boxes: (i) the uppermost 20 – 30 cm section of roots with adjacent 10 cm of the trunk base, (ii) a 50 cm long section of the burned part of the trunk and a 50 cm long section of the non-burned part including the wounded surface, (iii) branches 2 – 10 cm in diameter filling 30 × 50 × 60 cm space (90 000 cm 3 ) inside a rearing box, and (iv) twigs (diameter < 2 cm) filling the same volume inside a rearing box. Each box had a single opening in the front to which a transparent bottle with ethanol was attached. Phototactic beetles flew towards the light coming through the bottle, and were killed and preserved by the ethanol. Beetle samples were removed twice a week for 10 weeks, after which emergence of beetles was rare. The beetles were sorted into morphospecies by trained parataxonomists, databased, and subsequently identified by J. Hulcr or R. A. Beaver (Chiang Mai, Thailand), using comparison with identified material, including holotypes, in major collections. Vouchers were deposited in the Natürhistorisches Museum in Vienna, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, Forest Research Institute, Lae, Papua New Guinea, National Insect Collection, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, the Natural History Museum in London and the A. J. Cook Arthropod Collection of Michigan State University, East Lansing, U.S.A. The phloeophagous subtribe Cryphalina was excluded from the analysis as the inadequate taxonomy made species delimitation impossible. This is an important omission since several thousands of cryphalines were reared. Cryphalina are one of the taxonomically least known groups of scolytines ( Wood, 1986 ). |
The personnel involved in the project:
Sampling Methods
Thirteen tree species were selected for the study so that they were locally abundant, represented all major lineages of dicotyledonous plants and included also some closely related (congeneric and confamilial) species. Three individuals were sampled from each of 11 tree species, and two individuals from the remaining two species ( Table 1 ). Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic nomenclature of the studied host species are from Soltis et al. (2000) . All species were characterised by wood density and water content (J. Leps, unpublished). Trees with DBH ∼ 20 cm were used for the study. Each tree was girdled, killed by fire, and left standing dead to allow for the beetle colonisation to start. The girdling consisted of peeling an approximately 30 cm wide circumferential strip of bark and wounding an adjacent 30 cm wide strip with multiple cuts. Fire and girdling increase the attractiveness of a tree to ambrosia beetles (J. Hulcr, unpublished data). After 20 days, the already dead tree was felled and the following standard-size samples were taken and placed separately into rearing boxes: (i) the uppermost 20 – 30 cm section of roots with adjacent 10 cm of the trunk base, (ii) a 50 cm long section of the burned part of the trunk and a 50 cm long section of the non-burned part including the wounded surface, (iii) branches 2 – 10 cm in diameter filling 30 × 50 × 60 cm space (90 000 cm 3 ) inside a rearing box, and (iv) twigs (diameter < 2 cm) filling the same volume inside a rearing box. Each box had a single opening in the front to which a transparent bottle with ethanol was attached. Phototactic beetles flew towards the light coming through the bottle, and were killed and preserved by the ethanol. Beetle samples were removed twice a week for 10 weeks, after which emergence of beetles was rare. The beetles were sorted into morphospecies by trained parataxonomists, databased, and subsequently identified by J. Hulcr or R. A. Beaver (Chiang Mai, Thailand), using comparison with identified material, including holotypes, in major collections. Vouchers were deposited in the Natürhistorisches Museum in Vienna, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, Forest Research Institute, Lae, Papua New Guinea, National Insect Collection, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, the Natural History Museum in London and the A. J. Cook Arthropod Collection of Michigan State University, East Lansing, U.S.A. The phloeophagous subtribe Cryphalina was excluded from the analysis as the inadequate taxonomy made species delimitation impossible. This is an important omission since several thousands of cryphalines were reared. Cryphalina are one of the taxonomically least known groups of scolytines ( Wood, 1986 ).
| Study Extent | The study was conducted in a mosaic of primary and secondary lowland humid rainforest near Ohu Village, Madang province, Papua New Guinea (146°40' E, 5°15' S; 150– 200 m a.s.l., average annual rainfall 3558 mm with low seasonal variation). The diverse vegetation [152 woody species of diameter at breast height (DBH) >5 cm ha – 1 , Novotny et al. , 2004] is classified as mixed evergreen hill forest (Paijmans, 1976 ). The study was completed during 2002 – 2005 with different individuals of each tree species investigated at different times of the year, in order to diminish any influence of seasonal climate changes. |
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Method step description:
- Full details can be found- Hulcr, Jiri, et al. "Host specificity of ambrosia and bark beetles (Col., Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in a New Guinea rainforest." Ecological Entomology 32.6 (2007): 762-772.
Bibliographic Citations
- Hulcr, J., Mogia, M., Isua, B., and Novotny, V. (2007) Host specificity of ambrosia and bark beetles (Col., Curculionidae : Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in a New Guinea rainforest. Ecological Entomology 32:762-772. 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00939.x