說明
Externally feeding leaf-chewing insects (Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Coleoptera) were collected individually, by hand or by the use of an aspirator, from foliage in tropical lowland rainforest. Both adults and larval stages of the leaf-chewers were collected. Sampling occurred from 15 confamilial tree species, sampled simultaneously, and for a period of at least one year. Note- The dataset presented here is a more comprehensive version of that used in the cited publication, as not all data were relevant or usable within the context of the publication.
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權利
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此資料的發布者及權利單位為 New Guinea Binatang Research Centre。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
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關鍵字
Occurrence; Observation
聯絡資訊
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-6591
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地理涵蓋範圍
Data were gathered from the lowland forest in Madang Province in PNG, extending from the coast to the slopes of the Adelbert Mts. Fieldwork was concentrated in primary and secondary lowland forests near Baitabag, Ohu and Mis Villages, and in a coastal area near Riwo village.
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [-5.242, 145.67], 緯度北界 經度東界 [-5.147, 145.811] |
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分類群涵蓋範圍
This dataset comprises leaf chewing herbivores, specifically members of the orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera & Phasmida.
| Order | Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Phasmida |
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計畫資料
The host specificity, taxonomic composition and feeding guild of rare species were studied in communities of herbivorous insects in New Guinea. Leaf-chewing and sap-sucking insects (Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera-Auchenorrhyncha) were sampled from 30 species of trees and shrubs (15 spp. of Ficus, Moraceae, six spp. of Macaranga and nine species of other Euphorbiaceae) in a lowland rain forest. Feeding trials were performed with all leaf-chewers in order to exclude transient species. Overall, the sampling produced 80062 individuals of 1050 species. The species accumulation curve did not attain an asymptote, despite 950 person-days of sampling. Rare species, defined as those found as single individuals, remained numerous even in large samples and after the exclusion of transient, non-feeding species. There was no difference among plant species in the proportion of rare species in their herbivore communities, which was, on average, 45%. Likewise, various herbivore guilds and taxa had all very similar proportions of rare and common species. There was also no difference between rare and common species in their host specificity. Both highly specialised species and generalists, feeding on numerous plants, contributed to the singleton records on particular plant species. Predominantly, a species was rare on a particular host whilst more common on other, often related, host species, or relatively rare on numerous other host plants, so that its aggregate population was high. Both cases are an example of the ‘‘mass effect’’, since it is probable that such rare species were dependent on a constant influx of immigrants from the other host plants. These other plants were found particularly often among congeneric plants, less so among confamilial plants from different genera and least frequently among plants from different families. There were also 278 very rare species, found as one individual on a single plant species only. Their host specificity could not be assessed; they might have been either very rare specialists, or species feeding also on other plants, those that were not studied. The former possibility is unlikely since monophagous species, collected as singletons at the present sampling effort, would have existed at an extremely low population density, less than 1 individual per 10 ha of the forest. Note- This study also used a dataset comprising Lepidoptera which is presented separately here xxx add DOI
| 計畫名稱 | Rare species in communities of tropical insect herbivores: pondering the mystery of singletons |
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| 辨識碼 | BID-PA2020-007-INS |
| 經費來源 | The project was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-94-07297, DEB-96- 29751 and DEB-97-07928), the Christensen Fund, Palo Alto, California, the National Geographic Society (5398-94), the Czech Academy of Sciences (C6007501 and A6007705:1997), the Czech Ministry of Education (ES 041), the Czech Grant Agency (206:99:1112) and the Otto Kinne Foundation. |
| 研究區域描述 | The study area was situated in the lowlands of the Madang Province in PNG, extending from the coast to the slopes of the Adelbert Mts. Fieldwork was concentrated in primary and secondary lowland forests near Baitabag, Ohu and Mis Villages, and in a coastal area near Riwo village (145°41–48%E, 5°08–14%S, ca 0–200 m). The average annual rainfall in the Madang area is 3558 mm, with moderate dry season from July to September; mean air temperature is 26.5°C and varies little throughout the year (McAlpine et al. 1983). Thirty locally abundant species of trees and shrubs, involving 15 species of Ficus (Moraceae), six species of Macaranga and nine species from nine other genera of Euphorbiaceae, were selected for the study (Appendix 1). The Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae, with 3000 and 5000 species worldwide, respectively (Heywood 1993), represent important components of tropical floras, including lowland rain forests in New Guinea (e.g., Oatham and Beehler 1998). Ficus is an exceptionally large, pan-tropical genus (Berg 1989) and New Guinea is one of the main centres of its diversity, with 135 described species (Corner 1965). In the lowlands around Madang, there is a conservative estimate of 48 species of Ficus (G. Weiblen pers. comm.). Both in PNG (Ho¨ ft 1992) and in the Madang area (pers. obs.), Moraceae other than Ficus are minor in species richness and biomass so our data on Ficus are also representative for the whole family of Moraceae. There are 461 species of Euphorbiaceae reported from New Guinea, 73% of them endemic (van Welzen 1997). Macaranga is the largest genus of early successional (pioneer) trees in the world (Whitmore 1979). The main centre of its diversity is New Guinea, with 82 species described (van Welzen 1997). The other nine species of Euphorbiaceae, each from a different genus, included representatives of four, of five of its currently recognized subfamilies (Webster 1984). Note- The dataset presented here is a more comprehensive version of that used in the cited publication, as not all data were relevant or usable within the context of the publication" |
| 研究設計描述 | All externally feeding leaf-chewing insects (Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Coleoptera), were collected individually, by hand or by the use of an aspirator, from the foliage. This included both adults and larval stages. All 15 confamilial tree species were sampled simultaneously, for a period of at least one year. The leaf-chewing insects on Ficus were collected from July 1994 to March 1996 and on Euphorbiaceae from August 1996 to August 1997. Collecting effort was recorded as the time spent surveying the foliage of each of the tree species studied, which was approximately proportional to the leaf area examined. The number of tree inspections, i.e. a particular tree sampled at a particular time, was also recorded. For leaf-chewing insects, collecting effort varied from 22.9 to 25.6 h (average 24.7 h per species) on the Ficus hosts, and it was exactly 24.7 h per species on the Euphorbiaceae. For the sap-sucking insects, the sampling effort amounted to exactly 15.7 h on each Ficus host. In addition to regular sampling of all hosts, an exhaustive census of all sap-sucking insects from 191 individuals of Ficus phaeosyce was carried out at a single sampling site (Baitabag). The nearly complete sampling of the whole community was feasible since F. phaeosyce is a small understorey shrub. Overall, these sampling protocols involved approximately 950 person days of fieldwork and 25152 tree inspections. Note- This study also used a dataset comprising Lepidoptera which is presented separately here xxx add DOI |
參與計畫的人員:
取樣方法
All externally feeding leaf-chewing insects (Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Coleoptera), were collected individually, by hand or by the use of an aspirator, from the foliage. This included both adults and larval stages. All 15 confamilial tree species were sampled simultaneously, for a period of at least one year. Insects on Ficus were collected from July 1994 to March 1996 and on Euphorbiaceae from August 1996 to August 1997. Collecting effort was recorded as the time spent surveying the foliage of each of the tree species studied, which was approximately proportional to the leaf area examined. The number of tree inspections, i.e. a particular tree sampled at a particular time, was also recorded. For leaf-chewing insects, collecting effort varied from 22.9 to 25.6 h (average 24.7 h per species) on the Ficus hosts, and it was exactly 24.7 h per species on the Euphorbiaceae. In addition to regular sampling of all hosts, an exhaustive census of all sap-sucking insects from 191 individuals of Ficus phaeosyce was carried out at a single sampling site (Baitabag). The nearly complete sampling of the whole community was feasible since F. phaeosyce is a small understorey shrub. Overall, these sampling protocols involved approximately 950 person days of fieldwork and 25152 tree inspections. Note- This study also used a dataset comprising Lepidoptera which is presented separately here xxx add DOI"
| 研究範圍 | Fieldwork was carried out in primary and secondary lowland forests near Baitabag, Ohu and Mis Villages, and in a coastal area near Riwo village. The leaf-chewing insects on Ficus were collected from July 1994 to March 1996 and on Euphorbiaceae from August 1996 to August 1997. |
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方法步驟描述:
- Full details can be found- Novotný, V. and Basset, Y., 2000. Rare species in communities of tropical insect herbivores: pondering the mystery of singletons. Oikos, 89(3), pp.564-572.
額外的詮釋資料
| 替代的識別碼 | b07dcf95-c88e-4639-bb6c-a3b0c7a56e7a |
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| https://ipt.sprep.org/resource?r=adult_insect_leaf_chewers_from_madang_papua_new_guinea |